Лингвистика

[novakks]

Поштовани,
Имам једну молбу за Вас. Да ли ми можете помоћи у одабиру теме за семинарски рад из ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ? Волео бих да то буде таква тема за коју бих могао да урадим неки истраживачки задатак, али да то стварно буде занимљиво.
Унапред захвалан!

[Jelen@]

Zavisi šta podrazumevaš pod zanimljivom temom. Meni je komunikacija životinja jedna od zanimljivijih.
Jedino ovaj deo s istraživanjem ima problema sa sprovođenjem.
Dok sam ja studirala nije nam trebalo istraživanje za seminarski. To je ostajalo za završne radove.

[novakks]

Није нужно да се врши истраживање, али бих ја волео. Супер је тема комуникација сивих папагаја, примата, али више бих волео да то буде нешто из области социолингвистике. Имам на уму тему: Језик и пол. Ту би почетна хипотеза била да жене више користе стандард, него што то чине мушкарци. Шта мислите о таквој теми?

[Бруни]

Stvarno? Na čemu je zasnovana ta hipoteza? Da, mislim da je takva tema (meni barem) dosta zanimljiva…

[Father Jape]

Ta hipoteza je odavo postavljena i više puta potvrđivana, bar u zapadnim društvima:

Labov (1990: 205) finds that the clearest and most consistent results of more than 30 years of
sociolinguistic research in the speech community concern the linguistic differentiation of women and
men. He summarizes these results in the principles below (1990: 210, 213, 215):

Principle I In stable sociolinguistic stratification, men use a higher frequency of nonstandard forms
than women.
Principle Ia In change from above, women favour the incoming prestige forms more than men.

Principle II In change from below, women are most often the innovators.

Što se tiče razloga, više ih je ponuđeno. Tradgilovo objašnjenje je godinama bilo (još uvek jeste?) dominantno, ali naravno konsenzus je da su stvari zamršene i da konačno objašnjenje mora biti kompleksnije:

Trudgill’s (1972) explanation has been very influential: based on evidence from
subjective evaluation tests, he argues that women have to acquire social status vicariously, whereas
men can acquire it through their occupational status and earning power. Women are more likely,
therefore, to secure and signal their social status through their use of the standard, overtly
prestigious variants. The higher proportion of nonstandard variants used by men can then be
explained as an orientation not to the overt norms of the community but to the covert prestige of
working-class forms, which symbolize the roughness and toughness that is associated both with
working-class life and with masculinity.

Pitanje je kako bi ti, novakse, proveravao hipotezu kod nas? S obzirom da je u pitanju seminarski rad, treba ti nešto izuzetno svedenog obima, pretpostavljam.

[Father Jape]

Da dodam da se u nekim nezapadnim društvima suprotno može sresti:

Many sociolinguists had been aware of the generalisations underlying Labov’s three principles
for a long time before he codified them and presented them in this form. In particular, the
probabilistic association between female speakers and the use of more overtly prestigious
variants had been commented on as one of the most robust findings produced by studies of
language variation. However, starting in the 1980s, sociolinguists working in Arabic-speaking
communities began to draw attention to equally robust exceptions to this. Over and over,
studies of synchronic variation in Arabic seemed to be showing men using more of the overtly
prestigious variants associated with Classical Arabic, and women using more of the variants
associated with the local colloquial variety of Arabic.

In order to understand what is happening in the Arabic speech communities it is helpful
to consider the social role of women and men. [O ]ne of the characteristics
of a High variety in a diglossic community is that the High code is learnt through
formal education; it is not the language children naturally acquire at home. In most of the
Arabic communities studied, women are much more likely to be excluded from formal
education than men are.
Even where women have been relatively well educated, there continues to be a tendency
for men to use more of the Classical Arabic variants than women do (this was the case, for
example, with the study in Cairo, in which only middle- or upper-class speakers were
interviewed). But even if a Cairene woman is quite well educated in Classical Arabic, her
opportunities for participating fully in public life are nonetheless considerably more restricted
than a man’s. Many of the jobs which involve active use of Classical Arabic are dominated
by men